My All-in-One Notes on the WisdomTree Global Quality Dividend Growth UCITS ETF (GGRA)

As I get on with age, I realise I am becoming poorer in remembering things.

This is especially a problem when I have to remember the methodology of particular funds that I own because the information that I need to revisit from time to time is hidden in particular pages of particular PDFs. Hunting them down takes a lot of time.

I might as well take this opportunity to try and internalize the information I often need and make it easier to search for.

This page thus collates information on the WisdomTree Global Quality Dividend Growth UCITS ETF (GGRA/GGRG). This is more of a systematically active quality/profitability factor ETF. The ETF is domiciled in Ireland which makes your investments more tax efficient. Withholding tax for the 60% underlying US companies to the ETF is 15% instead of 30% due to Ireland’s dual-taxation treaty with the US. Estate that owns Ireland-domiciled funds currently do not need to pay estate taxes.

There are both accumulating and distributing share class for the ETF. The current Total Expense Ratio is 0.38%.

The ETF seeks to replicate the performance of the WisdomTree Global Developed Quality Dividend Growth index. In my opinion, the dividend growth leads some to think that this is a unique dividend portfolio. Still, this index leads us down to a portfolio of quality stocks that pay smaller but sturdier dividends.

Some still believe that underlying all stocks is that they have to be able to value by their cash flow return and dividend is the basis of cash flow payback.

By screening the way they did, we get a portfolio of companies with medium-term dividend growth, higher ROE, ROA or medium-term earnings growth. This gives a 600-stock portfolio that has the ability to deliver sturdier earnings over time.

This factor index gets screened and reconstituted annually.

Resources to understand more of the Fund

1. Page to the WisdomTree Global Developed Quality Dividend Growth Index (WTDDG)
2. Index Methodology
3. Paper from WisdomTree On Quality Dividend Growth (20 pages)
4. Paper from WisdomTree The Dividends of a Quality and Growth Factor Approach (22 pages)
5. The link between Warren Buffett’s Quality Investing Philosophy & WisdomTree’s Quality Dividend Growth Approach
6. Notes on WisdomTree index reconstitution
7. WisdomTree Global Quality Dividend Growth ETF USD Acccumulating Morningstar Page

Grantham and Robert Novy-Marx on Drivers of the Quality Style Factor

Considered Region

The WisdomTree Global Dividend Index includes companies from the developed world only.

Companies that are incorporated in:

1. United States
2. Europe
3. Isreal
4. Japan
5. Australia
6. New Zealand
7. Hong Kong
8. Singapore
9. Canada

Company Criteria for Eligible Company Consideration.

Companies must be at least $2 billion as of the Global Screening Date.

The companies also have to pay dividends in the last 12 months and have dividend coverage ratios greater than 1.0 times.

Earnings yield must be greater than the dividend yield to be eligible for inclusion. So this means that the company is not paying dividends more than they are earning.

How the Eligible Companies are then Ranked and Considered.

The main focus is to invest in companies that:

1. Are profitable
2. Generate and grow earnings
3. Do not use excessive leverage
4. Have a sustainable dividend policy
5. Are fairly priced

Eligible companies are ranked using a weighted combination of 3 factors:

1. 50% to the rank of medium-term estimated earnings growth.
2. 25% to the rank of historical 3-year average ROA (net profit divided by total assets)
3. 25% to the rank of historical 3-year average ROE (net profit divided by total equity)

50% focus on earnings growth in the future (they need the data that show earnings growth estimates), and 50% focus on the profits relative to the asset or capital base. ROE tends to be jacked up by leverage, and I think ROIC or ROA is a better measure of how good the business is relative to the capital needed consistently. A capital-intensive business will have a low ROA. A highly leveraged business will have a high ROE but maybe a low ROA.

Good ROA and ROE are also not much use if the earnings do not grow.

Hence the other 50% is to screen for businesses that are at least growing in the near term. This screen potentially identify companies with narrow or wide economic moats but probably doesn’t specifically point them out because of the tenor of estimated earnings growth profiled.

Companies with negative equity and, therefore, undefined return on equity, they will be given a median score as long as they show dividend growth over the past 5 years. There are many companies such as Macdonalds that fall into this category. Macdonalds generates consistent free cash flow but instead of taking the free cash flow to pay off their debt, they buyback the shares. The debt interest expense is lower than the earnings yield, so the management is taking the cash flow and buying back the highest cost capital. What this does is their equity eventually is lesser than their debt.

This does not mean the company is not prudent but companies with poor fundamentals can have negative equity as well. Thus, WisdomTree needs to screen for companies with at least 5 years of dividend growth because it is likely shitty companies cannot have earnings over such a tenor and be able to pay out dividends. It shows quality to be able to grow your dividends over a five year period.

Companies that lack medium-term earnings growth estimates will use 50% ROA and 50% ROE.

After the stocks are ranked, the top 600 companies that meet the criteria will be selected for inclusion.

From WisdomTree:

How Selected Companies are Weighted and Capped.

The selected companies are weighted based on the amount of dividends they pay out as opposed to weighting by market capitalization for the MSCI World or S&P 500.

To be specific, they are weighted based on Gross Cash Dividends paid over the latest annual cycle as determined by the ex-date of the dividends. Companies in Australia, the gross dividends will not reflect ranking credit.

The currency rate used to translate the dividends to U.S dollars is the exchange rate on the screening date.

A Cash Dividend Factor is calculated for every component in the Index and then summed.

Each component’s weight is equal to the Cash Dividend Factor divided by the sum of all Cash Dividend Factor.

If the dividend yield of the companies is greater than 12%, then the weightage is capped.

Should any company have weighting >= 24% of the index, its weighting will be reduced to 20% at the close of the calendar quarter.

Here are the other weighing rules:

1. Max weight of individual security capped at 5% on annual rebalance.
2. Any country, except U.S. weighs >= 25% of index, the weight will be reduced to 25%.
3. U.S. weight will be capped at 60%.
4. Sector weight capped at 20%. Real Estate sector capped at 15%.

Greater Higher ROE Companies

With the weighing and ranking, this result in a portfolio of companies that has a smaller number of low ROE companies:

Upside and Downside Capture

Index Reconstitution

Index reconstitution, which means the index re-screens and identifies the new 600 position in End September.

The changes will be implemented on the 18-20th of October and will be publish on the WisdomTree website on the actual day.

The Case for Quality Value from MSCI’s Quality and Value Data (1975 to 2015 | 41 years)

MSCI defines quality pretty similar to how GMO defines quality:

1. ROE: Last 12-month earnings per share divided by the current book value per share
2. Debt to Equity: Last fiscal year total debt divided by the total book value
3. Earnings Stability: Standard deviation of you EPS growth over the past 5 years

Small Cap Quality Similarity with Small Cap Value

The Pervasiveness of the Quality Style Factor

Recent Calendar Year ETF Performance Comparison

Eurozone Quality Dividend Growth

I want to compare the performance of a region that is not doing too well. Returns are in EUR.

	WisdomTree Eurozone Quality Dividend Growth Acc (EGRA)	Invesco STOXX Europe 600 UCITS ETF Acc (S600)
2017	22%	10.7%
2018	-15.3%	-10.6%
2019	32.4%	27%
2020	6.4%	-2%
2021	24.6%	24.9%
2022	-19.2%	-10.6%

The Eurozone performance look good.

US Quality Dividend Growth

Returns in USD

	WisdomTree US Quality Dividend Growth Acc (DGRA)	CSPX
2017	27%	21.6%
2018	-6.6%	-5.5%
2019	28.8%	30.6%
2020	12.6%	17.6%
2021	25.3%	29.4%
2022	-8.3%	-18.7%

S&P 500 did better during this period. Biggest performance difference was during 2017 and 2022.

Global Quality Dividend Growth

	WisdomTree Global Quality Dividend Growth Acc (GGRA)	IWDA
2017	25.4%	22.8%
2018	-8.6%	-9.0%
2019	35%	27.8%
2020	16.5%	16.0%
2021	19.4%	22.2%
2022	-13.7%	-18.1%

The Global Quality Dividend Growth did very well.

How the Quality Factor Does During Different Market Periods.

Phase	Factor Performance
Before Correction	1. Momentum 2. Quality
During Correction	1. Quality
After Correction	1. Size 2. Value

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I do have a few other data-driven Index ETF articles. These are suitable if you are interested in constructing a low-cost, well-diversified, passive portfolio.

You can check them out here:

1. IWDA vs VWRA – Are Significant Performance Differences Between the Two Low-Cost ETFs?
2. The Beauty of High Yield Bond Funds – What the Data Tells Us
3. Searching for Higher Yield in Emerging Market Bonds
4. The performance of investing in stocks that can Grow their Dividends for 7/10 years
5. Should We Add MSCI World Small-Cap ETF (WSML) to Our Passive Portfolio?
6. Review of the LionGlobal Infinity Global – A MSCI World Unit Trust Available for CPF OA Investment
7. 222 Years of 60/40 Portfolio Shows Us Balanced Portfolio Corrections are Pretty Mild
8. Actively managed funds versus Passive Peers Over the Longer Run – Data
9. International Stocks vs the USA before 2010 – Data
10. S&P 500 Index vs MSCI World Index Performance Differences Over One and Ten Year Periods – Data

Here are some supplements to sharpen your edge on low-cost, passive ETF investing:

1. Can You Better Time Your Annual Investment Base on Market Seasonality?

Those who wish to set up their portfolio to capture better returns believe that certain factors such as value, size, quality, momentum and low volatility would do well over time and are willing to harvest these factors through ETFs and funds over time, here are some articles to get you started on factor investing passively:

1. Introduction to factor investing / Smart Beta investing.
2. IFSW – The iShares MSCI World Multi-factor ETF
3. IWMO – The iShares MSCI World Momentum ETF
4. GGRA – The WisdomTree Global Quality Dividend Growth UCITS ETF
5. Investing in companies with strong economic moats through MOAT and GOAT.
6. Robeco’s research into 151 years of Low Volatility Factor – Market returns with lower volatility that did well in different market regimes
7. JPGL vs IFSW vs Dimensional Global Core vs SWDA – 22 years of 5-year and 10-year Rolling Returns Performance Comparison
8. 98 Years of Data Shows the US Small Cap Value Premium over S&P 500
9. 42 Years of data shows that Europe Small Cap Value premium over MSCI Europe